2007年11月14日 外電翻譯
線上收看新聞：http://www.ntdtv.com/xtr/b5/2007/11/14/a_67573.html
【譯文】
三峽大壩破壞生態 更多居民被迫遷移
長江曾經是孕育中華文明的搖籃，現在卻正在遭受著嚴重的污染， 而且預計污染威脅將會越來越嚴重。 長江三峽大壩自去年開始填土工程之後，水面不斷上漲，已迫使超過150萬當地居民放棄祖產，被迫離開祖祖輩輩生活過的家園。 現在大壩水位的上升又所引發了山崩和土石流的危險，當局又要遷移更多的當地居民，然而，這些居民卻因官員腐敗、貪污,得不到應有的補償而無法離開，民怨載道。
長江江沿岸的許多村民指出，從去年開始，土壤侵蝕、變形，以及山崩的情況已經惡化。位於江邊的高平村（Ping Gao）深受其害。由於不斷上漲的水面侵蝕了土地，今年夏天的豪雨已使這個地區多次遭受到土石流的威脅。現今長江水位約為156米，政府7月份曾要求村民在明年9月，水位漲到165米之前，遷移他處。但當地政府僅發給每人4千5百元人民幣作安置費，以及每戶每平方米180元人民幣的房屋補償。 村民們相信更多的錢都將進入官員們的口袋。
水壩工程引發的住所安置問題已經引起民怨。許多人被迫搬離他們的社區以及生計來源而沒有足夠的補償來蓋或買新的房子。村民們表示，他們對這件事感到很絕望。
31 歲的村民王修平（Wang Xiuping）說：“每個人4千5百元人民幣和每間房子每平方米180元人民幣，這麼少的錢，我們不能搬走。他們之前承諾每平方米190元人民幣。我們一家5口總共拿不到4萬元人民幣。如果我們在鎮上買新房子，每平方米至少也要6百元人民幣。但我們還可以在哪裡買房子？我的父母親都生病了。”
當地政府官員建議村民搬到高處，大部分的村民拒絕搬到那裡，但是他們也都無法負擔在別處買新房子的費用。
近幾年來，長江邊上的建築物林立，也引發了土地資枯竭以及生態危機。三峽大壩工程的興建更是遭到環保人士長期以來的反對。 他們表示，堆積在水壩後面的淤泥正在侵蝕大壩，他們同時警告，水庫將可能變成巨大的污水池，工業化學污染將可能影響重慶。即便是中國官員也已公開表示對三峽大壩和長江污染的擔心。
重慶市綠色志願者聯合會會長吳登明（Wu Dengming）呼籲各界關注破壞長江所引發的環保問題。他說：“水已喪失了他的自清能力，嚴重影響水的品質。"
在中國境內，有超過70%的河川和湖泊遭受到了污染，與此同時， 90%的中國城市地下供水相信也都已經遭到污染。
【路透原文】
The Yangtze River, once the cradle of China's ancient civilisations, is now plagued with pollution and is expected to worsen as the government grapples with landslides and resettlement. The huge Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River began to fill last year, and over 1 million people have been forced to abandon their ancestral homes to make way for the rising water. The dam has already displaced 1.5 million people, but with rising worry about landslides and collapses, it is forcing the officials to prepare for another round of resettlement.
Along the river, many villagers pointed to erosion, landslides and deformed land they said have worsened since last year. Ping Gao village, located on one of the stretches of the river, is among those that are affected. The government asked villagers in July to relocate before the water reached 165 metres (541 ft) high by September next year, compared to current level of 156 metres (156 ft). Heavy rainfalls have triggered several mudslides in the area this summer because of land erosion caused by rising water level. The local authorities gave 4,500 RMB ($600 U.S. dollars) to each person and 180 RMB ($24 U.S. dollars) for each square metre (3.2 square ft) of their houses as a compensation. But villagers believe allegations that the resettlement funds are settling into the pockets of officials.
"We are waiting for the water level to go up. We will lose our land. Trees on the river were cut down but the government did not give us any compensation. We sacrificed for nothing. They want us to move for fear of landslides. The central government allocates 16,800 RMB for each person, but the local authorities give only 4,500 RMB instead. People are reluctant to move. We don't know what to do," said 43-year-old villager Zhou Pinggui.
Relocation has been a flashpoint for unrest over the dam. Many are being moved away from their communities and livelihoods without enough compensation to build or purchase new houses. Villagers say they feel hopeless.
"With that small amount of money -- 4,500 RMB per person and 180 RMB per square metre of our house -- we cannot move. They promised 190 RMB per square metre before, then they changed it to 180 RMB. We got no more than 40,000 RMB in total for the five members of our family. If we buy a new house in a town, it costs at least 600 RMB per square metre. But where else can we buy a house? My parents are really sick," said 31-year-old villager Wang Xiuping.
The local government officials have suggested the villagers move up onto the hills, but most of them refuse to go there, but neither can they afford a new house in another place. Irrational and rampant construction along the Yangtze river in recent years increased conflicts over the land shortages and ecological degradation. Since 1919, a succession of leaders has argued a dam would end the devastating floods and harness the water for electricity. That dream eluded the revolutionary founder Mao Zedong, whose plans for a dam foundered among political turmoil and poverty.The dam construction began in 1993 with strong backing from the country's retired supremo, Deng Xiaoping, and is expected to be finished next year before the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing.
Environmentalists have long criticised the project, saying silt trapped behind the dam is causing erosion and warning that the dam's reservoir will turn into a cesspool of raw sewage and industrial chemicals backing onto Chongqing. Even the always careful Chinese officials have become openly worried that the river, penned in by 15 million cubic meters of concrete, threatens to snap back. Wu Dengming, head of the Green Volunteer League of the Chongqing municipality, has been lobbying for more attention to the rising environmental problems plaguing Yangtze river. "The water does not move anymore. The flow speed on the surface is about 0.2 or 0.3 metres per minute. The water in the middle or at the bottom is almost stationary. The water loses its ability to purify itself, which severely affects the water quality," said Wu.
The Three Gorges Dam, the world's biggest hydropower project, has begun generating electricity and serving as a barrier against seasonal flooding, threatening lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River, the longest in Asia and the third-longest in the world, stretches 6,300 kilometers (3,906 miles) from the northwestern province of Qinghai and traverses through 186 cities, including Shanghai, before emptying into the East China Sea. More than 70 percent of China's rivers and lakes are polluted, while underground water supplies in 90 percent of Chinese cities are believed to be contaminated.
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